Standard+3d

(Q. 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33)
 * //Students know//** **//the states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) depend on molecular motion.//**

1) Write a summary of the information below in your journal OR create a graphic organizer of the movement of particles in a solid, liquid, and gas. 2) Go to this website: http://www.mpcfaculty.net/mark_bishop/water.htm 3) TAKE QUIZ HERE: https://www.quizlab.com/secured/authenticate_limited.cfm Click on "single class login", and input classword (tewinkle(#ofclass): ex. if you are in period 2, your classword is tewinkle2, Your password is first letter of name and as much of last name as fits (ex: htangen). **
 * ACTIVITY:

Atoms and molecules possess an energy of motion that we perceive as temperature. In other words, atoms and molecules are constantly moving, and we measure the energy of these movements as the temperature of the substance. The more energy a substance has, the more molecular movement there will be, and the higher the perceived temperature will be. Thus, the freedom of molecular motion increases from solids to liquids to gases. An important point that follows this is that the amount of energy that atoms and molecules have (and thus the amount of movement) influences their interaction with each other. Which state something is in depends on the balance between the internal forces and the random motions of the molecules. Phase/state changes occur under certain conditions for each substance. The point it goes from solid to liquid (melting point) is distinct for a certain substance. We'll always get the same value (or close), which means that the melting point (and boiling point: liquid to gas) can help us identify unknown substances. Melting points (also the freezing point) and boiling point (also the condensation temperature) can be looked up in books and on the Internet. Under different conditions, however (such as different pressure), those points change. Solids are formed when the attractive forces between individual molecules are greater than the energy causing them to move apart. Individual molecules are locked in position near each other, and cannot move past one another. The atoms or molecules of solids remain in motion, but that motion is limited to vibration. As the temperature of a solid is increased, the amount of vibration increases, but the solid retains its shape and volume because the molecules are locked in place relative to each other.  **Liquids ** Liquids are formed when the energy (usually in the form of heat) of a system is increased and the rigid structure of the solid state is broken down. In liquids, molecules can move past one another and bump into other molecules; however, they remain relatively close to each other like solids. Liquids can “flow” to take the shape of their container but they cannot be easily compressed because the molecules are already close together. Thus liquids have an undefined shape, but a defined volume. When we look closely we see that liquid water is made up of molecules that can freely move past one another, yet remain relatively close in distance to each other.  **Gases ** Gases are formed when the energy in the system exceeds all of the attractive forces between molecules. Thus gas molecules have little interaction with each other beyond bumping into one another. In the gas state, molecules move quickly and are free to move in any direction, spreading out long distances randomly. As the temperature of a gas increases, the amount of movement of individual molecules increases. Gases expand to fill their containers and have low density. Because individual molecules are widely separated and can move around easily in the gas state, gases can be compressed easily and they have an undefined shape.  Ex: Ice forms when water is cooled below zero degrees. Above the freezing point/melting point, the motion of the water molecules is a little more than the attraction between the molecules. Below the freezing point, the attractions between molecules are stronger than the motion (which is just vibration). When water is heated to 100 degrees, molecular motion increases until large groups overcome the attractive forces between the molecules entirely, and escape as water vapor (boiling). If you keep adding thermal energy (heat), it will change entirely into vapor. Water cannot get hotter than 100 degrees Celsius: the additional energy is used to break the bonds instead of making the temp hotter.
 * Phases of Matter**
 * Solids **

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Sometimes, substances go from solid to gas directly, such as dry ice (sublimation). Also, some substances can have more than one solid phase at room temperature. For example: graphite and diamonds are both pure carbon. Water also undergoes=====